If the material in the coursepack or on Brightspace is reproduced from another source without any changes, cite that source directly.
For example, if a journal article is reproduced in a coursepack or uploaded to Brightspace, cite the journal article like a regular journal article; do not explain in the reference that it was reproduced.
Basic Format
Lastname, F. M. (YEAR). Title: Subtitle. [Format]. Publisher. URL
Reference List
Mack, R. (2021). ENGL1127: Learning in a digital environment: Week 6 lecture notes. [PowerPoint slides]. Brightspace. https://d2l.langara.bc.ca/d2l/login
If the content comes from a classroom website, or learning management system (e.g., Brightspace) and you are writing for someone with access to that resource, provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for sites requiring login). (Publication manual, 2020, p. 347)
In-Text
(Mack, 2021)
Basic Format
Lastname, F. M. (YEAR). Title: subtitle. Publisher.
Reference List
Biology Department, Langara College. (2025). Biology 1115: Laboratory manual. Langara College.
In text
(Biology Department, Langara College, 2025)
Basic Format
Lastname, F. M. (YEAR). Title of article. In F. M. Lastname (Editor), Title of courseware (pages). Publisher.
Reference List
Elders, M. (2019). Neighborhood watch: Social media in the community. In M. Elders (Ed.), POL 241: Politics and activism in the 21st century (pp. 34–41). American University.
In-Text
(Elders, 2019)
If you learned about a topic via an unrecorded classroom lecture (in-person or online) cite the lecture as a personal communication. Personal communication citations are used when a recoverable source is not available. Because readers cannot retrieve the information in personal communications, they are not included in the reference list; they are cited in the text only. (Publication manual, 2020, section 8.9)
In-Text
(F. M. Lastname, personal communication, Month Day, YEAR)
(T. Nguyen, personal communication, February 24, 2020)